Gil Scullion is a practicing artist, not a scholar. These lecture notes are compiled from text books, histories, essays and exhibition reviews produced by prominent scholars in the fields of historical research and criticism. In most instances quotations are attributed to their original authors. In some cases these attributions are missing or the original text has been substantially paraphrased. Where missing, Scullion apologizes to the authors for the ommission. At no time should these notes be regarded as original scholarship on the part of the professor. Scullion’s contribution lies in the outline of the course and in its presentation.